Yes, but they are extremely rare. Regular travel eSIMs are normally not truly unlimited: unlimited roaming data is not financially viable to offer, so it simply isn't sold commercially.
For a handful of destinations, some local providers do have eSIMs with no daily limit. In Thailand, for example, you'll find local eSIMs with no hard cap and no throttling, aside from obvious misuse.
Some providers advertise their eSIMs as 'truly unlimited' or 'no throttling'. What we sometimes see is that there's no hard cap, but the eSIM is slower from the very start, for example limited to 5 to 15 Mbps out of the gate, often combined with very low network priority. Some are open about this, others are not. We also see providers hide behind the 'local' network entirely: they don't throttle, they say, but their local partner might. As if they weren't the ones selling you the plan, and carried no responsibility.
If you come across a provider promising truly unlimited data, always ask what speed they guarantee under normal conditions, and stay cautious.