Usually not in the way you'd hope. For most providers, 'unlimited' means a fixed amount of high-speed data per day, and then unlimited data at a reduced speed once that's used up. What that reduced speed actually is varies a lot per provider, and sometimes it's so slow the eSIM is basically unusable on a modern phone.
When a provider shares that throttled speed with us, you'll find it behind the info button on an unlimited plan. As a rough guide: 3 to 5 Mbps is still fine for browsing and even light video, 1 to 2 Mbps covers the essentials, below 1 Mbps it gets frustrating, and at 256 kbps or less it's effectively unusable, which is not something we'd want to call unlimited.
One more thing to watch is hotspot (sharing data with, say, your laptop). Some providers block it or cap it at, for example, 1 GB a day. In our view a hard cap like that shouldn't be sold as 'unlimited', because it limits how you actually use your data. Most eSIMs on Find Your eSIM don't have this restriction, but there are exceptions, so always check your provider's terms.